Basics of Arabic Verbs: Past Tense and Attached ضَمَائِر (ḍamā'ir : pronouns)
ArabicFiqhIʿrābNounsBeginnerSighatul-AmrMafrūʿ
This lesson covers past-tense verb conjugation with attached ضَمَائِر (ḍamā'ir : pronouns) functioning as مَفْعُول (maf'ūl : object), the صِيغَةُ الأَمْر (ṣīghat al-amr : imperative form), and the distinction between dual مُؤَنَّث (mu'annath : feminine) forms and جَمْع (jam' : plural) forms. Example: دَخَلْتَا (dakhaltā : the two of them [dual fem.] entered) is مُثَنَّى (muthannā : dual) مُؤَنَّث and must not be confused with the جَمْع (jam' : plural) دَخَلُوا (dakhalū : they [masc. pl.] entered).
Original Recording
Original class recording
Key Points
- 1ضَمَائِر (ḍamā'ir : pronouns) can be attached to verbs as direct مَفْعُول (maf'ūl : object), e.g., ضَرَبَهُ (ḍarabahu : he hit him).
- 2صِيغَةُ الأَمْر (ṣīghat al-amr : the imperative form) is derived from the مُضَارِع (muḍāri' : present tense) verb.
- 3دَخَلْتَا (dakhaltā : the two of them [dual fem.] entered) is the مُثَنَّى (muthannā : dual) مُؤَنَّث (mu'annath : feminine) past-tense form — not to be confused with جَمْع (jam' : plural) forms.
- 4The attached ضَمِير (ḍamīr : pronoun) does not change the base verb form, only the suffix changes.
Discussion Questions
- What is the difference between دَخَلْتَا (dakhaltā : dual fem. entered) and دَخَلُوا (dakhalū : masc. pl. entered)?
- How is صِيغَةُ الأَمْر (ṣīghat al-amr : the imperative form) derived from the مُضَارِع (muḍāri' : present tense)?